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amoeba实现mysql读写分离

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原文地址:http://coolnull.com/1463.html


说明:
要实现mysql的主从读写分离,目前主要有以下几种方案:
1.通过程序实现,网上很多现成的代码,比较复杂,如果添加从服务器要更改多台服务器的代码。
2.通过mysql-proxy来实现,由于mysql-proxy的主从读写分离是通过lua脚本来实现,目前lua的脚本的开发跟不上节奏,而写没有完美的现成的脚本,因此导致用于生产环境的话风险比较大,据网上很多人说mysql-proxy的性能不高。
3.自己开发接口实现,这种方案门槛高,开发成本高,不是一般的小公司能承担得起。
4.利用阿里巴巴的开源项目Amoeba来实现,具有负载均衡、高可用性、sql过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的query到目标数据库,并且安装配置非常简单,但是目前还不支持事务。

本文主要讲如何通过amoeba实现mysql读写分离。

实现:
1.java环境的安装,Amoeba框架是基于Java SE1.5开发的,建议使用Java SE 1.5版本。目前Amoeba经验证在JavaTM SE 1.5和Java SE 1.6能正常运行
可以到http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javasebusiness/downloads/java-archive-downloads-javase6-419409.html#jdk-6u41-oth-JPR免费注册,下载
我这里下载jdk-6u41-linux-x64-rpm.bin,下载完成后执行sh jdk-6u41-linux-x64-rpm.bin开始安装,将会安装到/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_41目录。

2.amoeba编译安装

# cd /usr/local/src/tmp
# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/amoeba/files/Amoeba%20for%20mysql/2.2.x/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz/download
# tar xzf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba
3.配置java的用户环境变量

# vi ~/.bash_profile 修改为以下内容:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/amoeba/bin
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_41
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH
# source  ~/.bash_profile  //立即生效


4.1 /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml配置,此文件定义由Amoeba代理的数据库如何连接,比如最基础的:主机IP、端口、Amoeba使用的用户名和密码等等。
Amoeba for mysql读写分离主要涉及两个文件:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml和/usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml
abstractServer配置

<dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true">
                <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
                        <property name="manager">${defaultManager}</property>
                        <property name="sendBufferSize">64</property>
                        <property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>

                        <!-- mysql port -->
                        <property name="port">3306</property>

                        <!-- mysql schema -->
                        <property name="schema">dbname</property>

                        <!-- mysql user -->
                        <property name="user">root</property>

                        <!--  mysql password -->
                        <property name="password">root</property>

                </factoryConfig>

                <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
                        <property name="maxActive">500</property>
                        <property name="maxIdle">500</property>
                        <property name="minIdle">10</property>
                        <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
                        <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
                        <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
                        <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
                </poolConfig>
        </dbServer>
此部分定义真实mysql服务器的端口,数据库名称,mysql用户及密码。

主从数据库定义:

<dbServer name="Master"  parent="abstractServer">
                <factoryConfig>
                        <!-- mysql ip -->
                        <property name="ipAddress">192.168.0.1</property>
                </factoryConfig>
        </dbServer>
<dbServer name="Slave1"  parent="abstractServer">
                <factoryConfig>
                        <!-- mysql ip -->
                        <property name="ipAddress">192.168.0.2</property>
                </factoryConfig>
        </dbServer>
<dbServer name="Slave2"  parent="abstractServer">
                <factoryConfig>
                        <!-- mysql ip -->
                        <property name="ipAddress">192.168.0.3</property>
                </factoryConfig>
        </dbServer>
        <dbServer name="virtualSlave" virtual="true">
                <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
                        <!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->
                        <property name="loadbalance">1</property>

                        <!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 -->
                        <property name="poolNames">Slave1,Slave2</property>
                </poolConfig>
        </dbServer>
此部分定义主服务器,从服务器,及从服务器连接池。这里只定义数据库地址,它们的用户及密码就是上面的abstractServer里的设置。注意用来连接真实mysql服务器的用户必须拥有远程连接权限。

4.2 /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml配置,此文件定义了amoeba代理的相关配置
amoeba连接验证配置:

<property name="authenticator">
                                <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">

                                        <property name="user">root</property>

                                        <property name="password">root</property>

                                        <property name="filter">
                                                <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.IPAccessController">
                                                        <property name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property>
                                                </bean>
                                        </property>
                                </bean>
                        </property>
这里定义连接amoeba时用来验证的用户及密码。

读写分离配置:

<property name="defaultPool">Master</property>
                <property name="writePool">Master</property>
                <property name="readPool">virtualSlave</property>
defaultPool:配置了默认的数据库节点,一些除了SELECTUPDATEINSERTDELETE的语句都会在defaultPool执行。
writePool :配置了数据库写库,通常配为Master,如这里就配置为之前定义的Master数据库。
readPool :配置了数据库读库,通常配为Slave或者Slave组成的数据库池,如这里就配置之前的virtualSlave数据库池。

5.amoeba启动

# amoeba start  //此命令以前台的方式启动,会输出启动时的信息,检查没有错误信息后,中断,并后台运行:
# amoeba start &  //后台运行


6.测试
在amoeba上登8066端口跟amoeba远程登陆主mysql服务器效果一样。

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P8066
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.45.7 -P3306


附录:
1.启动amoeba时出现The stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 160k
#vim /usr/loca/amoeba/bin/amoeba文件,修改 DEFAULT_OPTS=”-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -Xss128k”
为 DEFAULT_OPTS=”-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -Xss256k”
保存,再次启动即可

2.amoeba查询数据库时出现:java.util.NoSuchElementException: Could not create a validated object, cause: ValidateObject failed

> select * from user;
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> java.util.NoSuchElementException: Could not create a validated object, cause: ValidateObject failed
        at org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool.borrowObject(GenericObjectPool.java:1191)
        at com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.GenericObjectPool.borrowObject(GenericObjectPool.java:381)
        at com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.handler.CommandMessageHandler.startSession(CommandMessageHandler.java:633)
        at com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.handler.MySqlCommandDispatcher.handleMessage(MySqlCommandDispatcher.java:123)
        at com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlClientConnection$2.run(MysqlClientConnection.java:291)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
仔细检查dbServers.xml配置后发现factoryConfig中 password默认是被注释掉的,取消注释后正常。

# vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml,删除<!--  mysql password和后面的-->
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
                        <property name="manager">${defaultManager}</property>
                        <property name="sendBufferSize">64</property>
                        <property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>
                        <!-- mysql port -->
                        <property name="port">3306</property>
                        <!-- mysql schema -->
                        <property name="schema">test</property>
                        <!-- mysql user -->
                        <property name="user">root</property>
                        <!--  mysql password
                        <property name="password">password</property>
                        -->
</factoryConfig>
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